House of Representatives on September 26, 1983, about the dangers of computer hacking, and six bills concerning computer crime were introduced in the House that year.
Pressured by media coverage, congressman Dan Glickman called for an investigation and began work on new laws against computer hacking. The Newsweek article appears to be the first use of the word hacker by the mainstream media in the pejorative sense. The case quickly grew media attention, and 17-year-old Neal Patrick emerged as the spokesman for the gang, including a cover story in Newsweek entitled "Beware: Hackers at play", with Patrick's photograph on the cover. This concern became real when, in the same year, a gang of teenage hackers in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, known as The 414s, broke into computer systems throughout the United States and Canada, including those of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Security Pacific Bank.
However, the release of the film WarGames that year, featuring a computer intrusion into NORAD, raised the public belief that computer security hackers (especially teenagers) could be a threat to national security. By 1983, hacking in the sense of breaking computer security had already been in use as computer jargon, but there was no public awareness about such activities. In the 1982 film Tron, Kevin Flynn ( Jeff Bridges) describes his intentions to break into ENCOM's computer system, saying "I've been doing a little hacking here". It was an excerpt from a Stanford Bulletin Board discussion on the addictive nature of computer use. In 1980, an article in the August issue of Psychology Today (with commentary by Philip Zimbardo) used the term "hacker" in its title: "The Hacker Papers". It is implicated with 2600: The Hacker Quarterly and the alt.2600 newsgroup. It initially developed in the context of phreaking during the 1960s and the microcomputer BBS scene of the 1980s. The subculture around such hackers is termed network hacker subculture, hacker scene, or computer underground. Bruce Sterling, author of The Hacker Crackdown Birth of subculture and entering mainstream: 1960's-1980's
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